Free LPIC-2_201-450 Dump

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1. Which of the following command sequences can be used to extract files contained in a initramfs file

(/boot/initramfs) which is used by the kernel at boot time?

A. cp /boot/initramfs /tmp/initramfs.gz; gzip -c /tmp/initramfs.gz; mkdir /tmp/initramfs.dir ; cd

/tmp/initramfs.dir ; cpio -i < /tmp/initramfs

B. cp /boot/initramfs /tmp/initramfs.gz; gunzip /tmp/initramfs.gz; mkdir /tmp/initramfs.dir ; cd

/tmp/initramfs.dir ; cpio -i < /tmp/initramfs

C. cp /boot/initramfs /tmp/initramfs.gz; gunzip /tmp/initramfs.gz; mount /tmp/initramfs /mnt/ -o loop -t initramfs

D. cp /boot/initramfs /tmp/initramfs.gz; gunzip /tmp/initramfs.gz; mkdir /tmp/initramfs.dir ; cd

/tmp/initramfs.dir ; cpio -e /tmp/initramfs

E. cp /boot/initramfs /tmp/initramfs.gz; gunzip /tmp/initramfs.gz; mount /tmp/initramfs /mnt/ -o loop -t initrd

Answer: B

2. After installing a compiled kernel, it can not find any modules that are needed to be loaded. What make target was likely missed while installing the kernel?

Answer:

make modules_install, modules_install

3. Which of the following terms are used to describe 3.x kernel releases? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

A. beta

B. final

C. longterm

D. prerelease

E. stable

Answer: CE

4. What information does the file modules.dep provide?

A. A list of all modules, compiled or not, that are available to the kernel.

B. A list of modules trusted by the installed kernel.

C. A list of devices and their module name.

D. A list of all compiled modules and their dependencies.

E. A list of modules the kernel needs to run.

Answer: D

5. Which keyword is used in the /etc/inittab file to define the SysV-init default system runlevel?

Answer:

initdefault

6. What happens if the Linux kernel can’t mount the root filesystem when booting?

A. An error message is shown and the administrator is asked by the kernel to specify a valid root filesystem to continue the boot process.

B. An error message is shown and the system reboots after a keypress.

C. An error message is shown and the system boots in maintenance mode.

D. An error message is shown showing which device couldn’t be mounted or informing that init couldn’t be found.

E. An error message is shown stating that the corresponding kernel module couldn’t be loaded.

Answer: D

7. Which file tells GRUB the paths of the filesystem partitions in both Linux format and in the GRUB syntax? (Specify the file name only with no path information)

Answer: device.map

8. Which command is used to install a new LILO boot loader?

A. lilo

B. lilo-config

C. lilo-install D. install-lilo

Answer: A

9. Which option to the update-rc.d command will cause the removal of all symlinks to /etc/rcX.d/*test2 even when the script /etc/init.d/test2 still exists?

A. -d

B. -f

C. -n

D. -r

Answer: B

10. Please enter the complete path to the main SysV init process configuration file.

Answer:

/etc/inittab

 

11. During booting, when the Linux kernel loads an initramfs file, which command from the initramfs will be executed first, if present?

A. /init

B. /initrd

C. /linuxrc

D. /rc.local

E. /sbin/init

Answer: A

12. What is the functionality that PXE provides?

A. The ability to boot a computer using its network interface.

B. The ability to launch an remote X11 desktop on a computer.

C. The ability to verify a system’s configuration after completing the boot process.

D. The ability to verify a system’s configuration before completing the boot process.

Answer: A

13. The main configuration file for autofs has this entry:

Answer:

/home /etc/auto.home

14. What is the meaning of the /etc/auto.home file?

A. It has the indirect maps for the mounting of file systems.

B. It has configuration information, such as passwords and keys, for the remote file server.

C. It has configuration information on settings for the /home mount point.

D. It is the holds the SSL key to allow authentication to the remote file server.

Answer: A

14. What is the purpose of the smartd daemon?

A. It is a user space daemon used for reading smart cards and integrated circuit chips.

B. It attempts to automatically repair file systems upon a failed file system check.

C. It monitors process activity and helps the kernel decide which processes to kill when the kernel overcommits.

D. It monitors certain disk drives and attempts to predict when they will fail.

Answer: D

15. What keyword is missing in the following line from /etc/fstab in order to make a USB flash device writeable by the user fred when mounted:

/dev/sda1 /mnt/usbflash vfat defaults,users, _____ =fred,umask=022, 0 0 (Provide the option name only without any settings)

Answer:

uid

16. How can the label root be added to the ext2 filesystem on /dev/sda1?

A. relabel /dev/sda1 root

B. tune2fs -L root /dev/sda1

C. echo ‘root’ > /proc/fs/sda1/label

D. labelfs –device /dev/sda1 root

Answer: B

17. Which of the following are common Linux filesystem types used for root partitions? (Choose THREE correct answers.)

A. ext4

B. VFAT

C. NTFS

D. XFS

E. Btrfs

Answer: ADE

18. Due to extreme system use, a Linux system requires some additional swap space. To initialize 5GB of additional swap space, which combination of commands should be used?

A. dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/swapfile bs=1024 count=5120000; mkswap /tmp/swapfile; mount /tmp/swapfile

B. dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/swapfile bs=1024 count=5120000; swapon /tmp/swapfile

C. dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/swapfile bs=1024 count=5120000; mkswap /tmp/swapfile; swapon/tmp/swapfile

D. touch -5G /tmp/swapfile; swapon /tmp/swapfile

E. mkswap /tmp/swapfile 512000; swapon /tmp/swapfile

Answer: C

19. Which of the following best describes the format of the /etc/fstab file?

A. device name; filesystem type; mount point; mount options; dump filesystem; fsck order

B. device name; mount point; filesystem type; mount options; dump filesystem; fsck order

C. device name; mount point; mount options; filesystem type; dump filesystem; fsck order

D. mount point; filesystem type; device name; mount options; dump filesystem; fsck order

E. mount point; device name; filesystem type; mount options; dump filesystem; fsck order

Answer: B

20. Which command turns an existing ext2 filesystem non-destructively into an ext3 filesystem? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)

Answer:

/sbin/tune2fs, tune2fs

21. In the following output from top, which processes contribute to the percentage of time that the CPU spends in the state of wa?

Tasks: 193 total, 1 running, 190 sleeping, 2 stopped, 0 zombie

Cpu(s): 0.5%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 98.2%id, 1.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st A. Processes waiting for user interaction.

B. Processes that were already closed and are waiting to be launched again.

C. Processes that have not been scheduled yet because they haven’t been fully loaded into RAM or are in swap.

D. Processes waiting for IO operations to complete.

Answer: D

22. When is historical data of resource usage important? (Select THREE correct answers.) A. Predicting when resources will need to be increased.

B. Selecting a computer vendor.

C. Identifying processes killed during out of memory occurrences.

D. Diagnosing capacity problems.

E. Troubleshooting a software problem.

Answer: ADE

23. Which of the following is a side effect of extensive usage of swap space?

A. The root filesystem may become full because swap space is always located on the system root partition. B. The overall system performance may degrade because of heavy hard disk use and memory

reorganization.

C. Since processes always exist completely in either RAM or swap, regular RAM may become unused if the kernel does not move processes back from the swap space to memory.

D. The memory may become fragmented and slow down the access to memory pages. However, this can be kept to a minimum by the regular use of memfrag -d.

E. Applications need to restart because their virtual memory addresses change to reflect memory relocation to the swap address area.

Answer: B

24. Which commands below are useful to collect data about remote filesystem connections? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

A. pidstat

B. nfsiostat

C. sadf

D. cifsiostat

Answer: BD

25. Which command will report information on memory usage, paging and block input/output? A. free

B. memshow

C. ps

D. top

E. vmstat

Answer: E

26. What mechanism does collectd use to gather monitoring information on systems? A. It uses a library of plugins.

B. A master server connects to a collectd service on each machine to retrieve the information.

C. It collects its own information on each server and sends that to a master server.

D. It makes SNMP queries to the clients being monitored.

Answer: A

27. In the following output, what percentage of time was the CPU waiting for pending I/O? # vmstat 1 100

procs ———–memory———- —swap– —–io—- –system– —-cpu—-

r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa

0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 100 0

0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1007 359 0 0 100 0

0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1117 577 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1007 366 0 0 100 0

A. 0

B. 100

C. 35.9

D. 57.7

E. 36.6

Answer: A

28. When planning a web server which of the following choices will impact system sizing? (Choose THREE correct answers.)

A. How many concurrent users are expected.

B. Which hardware vendor has better Linux support.

C. What type of content will be served.

D. What scripting languages will the web server support.

E. Will the OS install be CD, DVD or network based.

Answer: ACD

29. In this example output, which descriptions match the purpose of the free, buff and cache columns?

(Choose THREE correct answers.)

# vmstat 1 100

procs ———–memory———- —swap– —–io—- –system– —-cpu—-

r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa

0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 100 0

0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1007 359 0 0 100 0

0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1117 577 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1007 366 0 0 100 0

A. Used swap space

B. RAM available for filesystem buffers

C. Available free RAM

D. RAM used for buffers

E. RAM used for filesystem cache

Answer: CDE

30. Which of the following commands will provide the PIDs of the processes sorted by which are using the most CPU cycles on the Linux system?

A. top

B. uptime

C. ps aux

D. vmstat

E. freemem

Answer: A

31. In the below example output, which columns detail the percent of time the CPU spent running non-kernel code and the percent of time the CPU spent running kernel code? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

# vmstat 1 100

procs ———–memory———- —swap– —–io—- –system– —-cpu—-

r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa

0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 100 0

0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1007 359 0 0 100 0

0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1117 577 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1007 366 0 0 100 0

A. id

B. us

C. wa

D. sy

Answer: BD

32. What option in the collectd configuration file is required in order to define what to start monitoring?

A. LoadModule

B. Module

C. Plugin

D. LoadPlugin

Answer: D

33. In capacity planning exercises, which tools assist in listing and identifying processes of interest?

(Choose TWO correct answers.)

A. acpid

B. lsof

C. pstree

D. telinit

Answer: BC

34. In the following output, what is the 5 minute load average for the system?

# uptime

12:10:05 up 18 days, 19:00, 2 users, load average: 0.47, 24.71, 35.31

A. 0.47

B. 24.71

C. 35.31

D. There is no 5 minute interval. It is some value between 0.47 and 24.71.

E. There is no 5 minute interval. It is some value between 24.71 and 35.31.

Answer: B

35. In the following output, the load averages represent the system load averages for what time frames?

12:10:05 up 18 days, 19:00, 2 users, load average: 0.47, 24.71, 35.31

A. 1, 5 and 15 minutes

B. 1, 15 and 30 minutes

C. 1, 15, and 30 seconds

D. 15, 30 and 60 minutes

E. 15, 30 and 60 seconds

Answer: A

36. Which of the following tools are used to measure memory usage? (Choose THREE correct answers.)

A. mpstat

B. pstree

C. sar

D. top

E. vmstat

Answer: CDE

37. Which command is used to unload a single module currently loaded by the kernel without unloading any modules that it depends upon? (Specify the command with or without path information)

Answer:

rmmod, /sbin/rmmod

38. Which commands are used to load modules into the Linux kernel? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

A. insmod

B. loadmod

C. kernload

D. modprobe

E. probemod

Answer: AD

39. How is the source code for the main Linux kernel modules distributed? A. It is included with the Linux kernel source code.

B. The kernel modules are downloaded on demand as they are used during compilation.

C. The kernel modules have their own release cycle and can be maintained separately from the Linux kernel source.

D. It is provided as a separate download alongside the Linux kernel source code of the same version.

Answer: A

40. A database application requires a maximum shared memory segment (shmmax) of 2GB (2147483648 Bytes). Which configuration file should be modified to set this kernel parameter permanently? (Specify the full name of the file, including path.)

Answer:

/etc/sysctl.conf

41. Which directory contains the system-specific udev rule files? (Specify the absolute path including the directory name)

Answer:

/etc/udev/rules.d, /etc/udev/rules.d/

42. On a server running the 3.4.50-11 Linux kernel, which file in the /boot directory contains the kernel configuration parameters?

A. config-linux-3.4.50-11

B. config-3.4.50-11

C. system-3.4.50-11

D. vmlinuz-3.4.50-11

E. rc.config-3.4.50-11

Answer: B

43. According to the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), what is the path to the Linux kernel source and may be a symbolic link to the real Linux source code? (Please specify the full path with no version

information.)

Answer:

/usr/src/linux, /usr/src/linux/

44. What is the correct parameter to pass to the kernel at boot time to force it to use only one of the available processors?

A. maxcpus=1

B. usecpus=1

C. smpcpus=1

D. vcpumx=1

Answer: A

45. What is the purpose of the command udevadm monitor?

A. It listens to kernel events produced by a udev rule and print information to the console.

B. It monitors the /dev directory for new devices.

C. It monitors the udev process and prints performance statistics to the console.

D. It communicates with D-Bus to setup new devices.

Answer: A

46. A new kernel version needs to be compiled to use a new feature. If the old kernel configuration file is available, which make target creates a configuration file for the new kernel based on the configuration of the old kernel?

Answer:

oldconfig, make oldconfig

47. How can the kernel parameter for the maximum size of the shared memory segment (shmmax) be changed to 2GB (2147483648 Bytes) on a running system? (Choose TWO correct answers.) A. Edit /etc/shmmax and set the parameter to 2147483648.

B. sysctl shmmax=2147483648

C. sysctl kernel.shmmax=2147483648

D. echo 2147483648 > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax

E. export kernel.shmmax=2147483648

Answer: CD

48. What is a key difference between a zImage and bzImage kernel image? A. zImage is compressed using gzip, bzImage is compressed using bzip2.

B. zImage is for 2.6 series kernels, bzImage is for 3.x series kernels.

C. zImage is limited to 64k, bzImage has no such restriction.

D. zImage gets loaded completely into low memory. bzImage will load into high memory once low memory

is full.

Answer: D

49. After configuring a new kernel, what file under /usr/src/linux/ contains the configuration?

Answer:

/usr/src/linux/.config, .config

50. Which archive format is used to create an initramfs image?

A. gzip

B. tar

C. RAR

D. cpio

E. bzip2

Answer: D

 

51. A Linux server is running in single user mode for regular maintenance. Which commands are used to restore the server to its usual runlevel? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

A. telinit 0

B. shutdown -r now

C. sync

D. shutdown -h now

E. reboot

Answer: BE

52. A server requires a GRUB2 boot option which will always boot to runlevel 1. Which line of a GRUB2 configuration file starts the beginning of the settings needed to make this new choice available?

A. initrd

B. linux

C. menuentry

D. runlevel

Answer: B

53. In case the file containing the Linux kernel is lost, what happens when the system is booting?

A. The system starts normally since the bootloader copies the kernel to the master boot record of the hard

disk.

B. Instead of the kernel, the initramfs is loaded and instructed to mount the root filesystem and reinstall the kernel from the original package or from source.

C. The bootloader mounts the root filesystem read-only and launches /bin/sh directly in order to allow the administrator to reinstall the kernel.

D. Without a kernel a system cannot boot and, depending on the bootloader, an error is displayed.

Answer: D

54. Where is the LILO boot loader code typically installed on a system with only a single Linux installation and no other operating systems? A. In the master boot record.

B. In the boot sector.

C. In the /boot directory.

D. At the start of the kernel.

Answer: A

55. What is the full path to the directory which contains the scripts (or links to the original scripts) to run while the system boots to SysV-init runlevel 2?

Answer:

/etc/rc2.d, /etc/rc2.d/, /etc/init.d/rc2.d, /etc/init.d/rc2.d/

56. After changing the default runlevel in the SysV-init configuration file, the system boots in a different than intended runlevel. Where else could this different runlevel be defined?

A. In the /etc/sysctl.conf

B. In the boot loader configuration file

C. In the /etc/runlevel file

D. In the /boot/initramfs file

E. In the /etc/rc.d/rc.local file

Answer: B

57. A system with SysV-init has a service installed called apache2. Which file controls the start and stop of this service and is referenced by the various runlevel directories?

A. /etc/init.d/apache2

B. /etc/rc2.d/70apache2

C. /etc/rc2.d/apache2

D. /etc/rc2.d/apache2.start

Answer: A

58. Why is the root file system mounted read-only during boot and remounted with write permission later on?

A. Because if problems with the root file system are detected during the boot, fsck can be run, without risk of damage.

B. Because this way crackers cannot collect information about root with boot sniffers.

C. To avoid writing to the disk, unless the root password is known.

D. To avoid other operating systems overwriting the Linux root partition.

E. Because the disk has its own write protection that cannot be changed by the operating system.

Answer: A

59. If all of the following files and/or symlinks exist in a SysV-init runlevel directory, which of the following will be executed first when booting the system directly into the runlevel?

A. S99lpi

B. K99lpi

C. PRE-S99lpi

D. S98lpi

E. S99a-lpi

Answer: D

60. What are the main network services used by the PXE protocol? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

A. DNS

B. DHCP

C. HTTP

D. TFTP

E. NFS

Answer: BD

 

61. After a lot of write operations, the administrator want to ensure that the kernel flushes the file system buffers to disk. Which command will accomplish this? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)

Answer: sync

62. What component of a system does smartd monitor?

A. CPU

B. RAM

C. Hard drives

D. Ethernet traffic

Answer: C

63. Which files are updated as devices are mounted and unmounted to provide information on the currently mounted devices and the options used? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

A. /proc/dtab

B. /etc/mtab

C. /etc/fstab

D. /proc/mounts

E. /proc/devices

Answer: BD

64. What is the main template file used by autofs?

A. default.maps

B. auto.conf

C. auto.master

D. autofs.master

Answer: C

65. Which directory in /dev/disk/ can be used to determine the UUID of a connected hard disk?

Answer:

/dev/disk/by-uuid, by-uuid, /dev/disk/by-uuid/

66. What does a 0 in the last field (fsck order) of /etc/fstab indicate about the filesystem? A. The filesystem should be checked before filesystems with higher values.

B. The filesystem should be checked after filesystems with higher values.

C. The filesystem check counter is ignored.

D. The filesystem has been disabled from being checked and mounted on the system.

E. The filesystem does not require an fsck check when being mounted.

Answer: E

67. Which of the following is a CD-ROM filesystem standard?

A. OSI9660

B. ISO9660

C. SR0FS

D. ISO8859

E. ROM-EO

Answer: B

68. Consider the following /etc/fstab file:

/dev/hda1 swap swap defaults 0 0

/dev/hda2 / ext2 defaults 1 1 /dev/hda3 /home ext2 defaults 1 2 none /proc proc defaults 0 0

/dev/sdb1 /media/usb0 vfat user,noauto 0 0

What is one of the possible commands that an ordinary (non-root) user can use to mount the /dev/sdb1 partition on the /media/usb0 mount point? (Please enter the command with all parameters and/or options but without any file system type options.)

Answer:

mount /dev/sdb1, mount /media/usb0, /bin/mount /dev/sdb1, /bin/mount /media/usb0, mount /media/usb0/, /bin/mount /media/usb0/

69. Where would fsck put any unreferenced file or file fragments on a ext4 filesystem?

A. recover

B. lost+found

C. back D. lost

Answer: B

70. Which command is used to create a ISO9660 filesystem? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.) Answer:

mkisofs, genisoimage

71. The main configuration file for autofs has this entry:

/home /etc/auto.home

What is the meaning of the /etc/auto.home file?

A. It has the indirect maps for the mounting of file systems.

B. It has configuration information, such as passwords and keys, for the remote file server.

C. It has configuration information on settings for the /home mount point.

D. It is the holds the SSL key to allow authentication to the remote file server.

Answer: A

72. Which file in /proc contains information on the status of local software RAID devices?

A. /proc/raidstat

B. /proc/mdstat

C. /proc/raidstatus

D. /proc/mdstatus

E. /proc/raid/status

Answer: B

73. The correct command sequence to create and mount logical volumes on a Linux system is:

A. lvcreate, pvcreate, vgcreate, mkfs, mount

B. pvcreate, vgcreate, lvcreate, mkfs, mount

C. vgcreate, lvcreate, pvcreate, mount, mkfs

D. mkfs, pvcreate, vgcreate, lvcreate, mount

E. pvcreate, lvcreate, vgcreate, mkfs, mount

Answer: B

74. Where would fsck put any unreferenced file or file fragments on a ext4 filesystem?

A. recover

B. lost+found

C. back

D. lost

Answer: B

75. What is the minimum number of disks required in a fully redundant RAID5 array?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

E. 5

Answer: C

76. Which directory in /dev/disk/ can be used to determine the UUID of a connected hard disk?

Answer:

/dev/disk/by-uuid, by-uuid, /dev/disk/by-uuid/

77. A system has one hard disk and one CD writer which are both connected to SATA controllers. Which device represents the CD writer?

A. /dev/hdb

B. /dev/sdd

C. /dev/scd1

D. /dev/sr0 E. /dev/sr1

Answer: D

78. What mount option must be used in /etc/fstab when mounting an iSCSI target?

A. _santarget

B. iscsi

C. waitiscsi D. _netdev

Answer: D

79. How can the label root be added to the ext4 filesystem on /dev/sda1?

A. relabel /dev/sda1 root

B. tune2fs -L root /dev/sda1

C. echo ‘root’ > /proc/fs/sda1/label

D. labelfs –device /dev/sda1 root

Answer: B

80. What keyword is missing in the following line from /etc/fstab in order to make a USB flash device writeable by the user fred when mounted:

/dev/sda1 /mnt/usbflash vfat defaults,users, ______ =fred,umask=022, 0 0

(Provide the option name only without any settings)

Answer:

uid

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